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Risk of a statistical procedure

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A characteristic giving the mean loss of an experimenter in a problem of statistical decision making and thus defining the quality of the statistical procedure under consideration.

Suppose that one has to make a decision in a measurable decision space ( D, {\mathcal A}) with respect to a parameter \theta on the basis of a realization of a random variable X with values in a sampling space ( \mathfrak X, \mathfrak B, {\mathsf P} _ \theta ) , \theta \in \Theta . Further, let the loss of a statistician caused by making the decision d when the random variable X follows the law {\mathsf P} _ \theta be L( \theta , d) , where L is some loss function given on \Theta \times D . In this case, if the statistician uses a non-randomized decision function \delta : \mathfrak X \rightarrow D in the problem of decision making, then as a characteristic of this function \delta the function

R( \theta , \delta ) = {\mathsf E} _ \theta L( \theta , \delta ( X)) = \ \int\limits _ { \mathfrak X } L( \theta , \delta ( X)) d {\mathsf P} _ \theta ( x)

is used. It is called the risk function or, simply, the risk, of the statistical procedure based on the decision function \delta with respect to the loss L .

The concept of risk allows one to introduce a partial order on the set \Delta = \{ \delta \} of all non-randomized decision functions, since it is assumed that between two different decision functions \delta _ {1} and \delta _ {2} one should prefer \delta _ {1} if R( \theta , \delta _ {1} ) \leq R( \theta , \delta _ {2} ) uniformly over all \theta .

If the decision function \delta is randomized, the risk of the statistical procedure is defined by the formula

R( \theta , \delta ) = \int\limits _ { \mathfrak X } \int\limits _ { D } L( \theta , d) dQ _ {x} ( d) d {\mathsf P} _ \theta ( x),

where \{ Q _ {x} ( d) \} is the family of Markov transition probability distributions determining the randomization procedure.

References

[1] E.L. Lehmann, "Testing statistical hypotheses" , Wiley (1986)
[2] N.N. Chentsov, "Statistical decision rules and optimal inference" , Amer. Math. Soc. (1982) (Translated from Russian)
[3] A. Wald, "Statistical decision functions" , Wiley (1950)
How to Cite This Entry:
Risk of a statistical procedure. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Risk_of_a_statistical_procedure&oldid=48577
This article was adapted from an original article by M.S. Nikulin (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article