# Quotient object

of an object in a category

A concept generalizing the notions of a quotient set, a quotient group, a quotient space, etc.

Let ${\mathcal E}$ be some class of epimorphisms in a category $\mathfrak K$ that contains all identity morphisms in $\mathfrak K$ and is closed under multiplication on the right by isomorphisms. In other words, for every $X \in \mathop{\rm Ob} \mathfrak K$, $1 _ {X} \in {\mathcal E}$ and for every $\xi : B \rightarrow C$ in $\mathop{\rm Iso} \mathfrak K$ and every $\epsilon : A \rightarrow B$ in ${\mathcal E}$ the morphism $\epsilon \xi \in {\mathcal E}$. Two morphisms $\epsilon : A \rightarrow B$ and $\epsilon _ {1} : A \rightarrow C$ in ${\mathcal E}$ are said to be equivalent if $\epsilon _ {1} = \xi \epsilon$ for some isomorphism $\xi$. The equivalence class of a morphism $\epsilon$ is called an ${\mathcal E}$- quotient object of the object $A$, and the pair $( \epsilon , B)$ is called a representative of the quotient object. A quotient object with representative $( \epsilon , B )$ is sometimes denoted by $[ \epsilon , B ]$, $[ \epsilon , B)$ or simply by $[ \epsilon ]$.

Every object $A$ has at least one ${\mathcal E}$- quotient object, the improper quotient object $[ 1 _ {A} , A ]$; other quotient objects of $A$ are called proper. A category $\mathfrak K$ is called ${\mathcal E}$- locally small if for every object $A$ in $\mathfrak K$ the class of ${\mathcal E}$- quotient objects of $A$ is a set.

If one takes as ${\mathcal E}$ the subcategory of all epimorphisms, $\mathop{\rm Epi} \mathfrak K$, then $\mathop{\rm Epi} \mathfrak K$- quotient objects are simply called quotient objects. If ${\mathcal E}$ is part of a bicategory structure $( \mathfrak K , {\mathcal E} , \mathfrak M )$ on $\mathfrak K$, then ${\mathcal E}$- quotient objects are called admissible quotient objects. Similarly, if ${\mathcal E}$ consists of all regular (strict, normal, etc.) epimorphisms, then the corresponding quotient objects are called regular (strict, normal, etc). For example, in the category of topological spaces quotient spaces correspond to regular quotient objects.

The concept of a quotient object of an object in a category is dual to that of a subobject.