Stokes phenomenon
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The property that a function may have different asymptotic expressions when
in different domains of the complex
-plane. G. Stokes demonstrated [1] that the solution
of the so-called Airy equation
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which decreases for real , has the following asymptotic expansion when
:
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where is a constant. The function
is an entire function, while its asymptotic expansion is a discontinuous function.
The Stokes phenomenon also occurs for Laplace integrals, solutions of ordinary differential equations, etc. (see [2], [3]).
References
[1] | G.G. Stokes, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. , 10 (1864) pp. 106–128 |
[2] | J. Heading, "An introduction to phase-integral methods" , Methuen (1962) |
[3] | N.G. de Bruijn, "Asymptotic methods in analysis" , Dover, reprint (1981) |
Comments
There is a recent interest in the Stokes phenomenon in asymptotic analysis, which is initiated by M.V. Berry in [a1]. In the new interpretation of the phenomenon, an error function is introduced to describe the rapid change in the behaviour of the remainders of the asymptotic expansions as a Stokes line is crossed. A rigorous treatment of Berry's observation is given in [a2].
References
[a1] | M.V. Berry, "Uniform asymptotic smoothing of Stokes' discontinuities" Proc. R. Soc. London A , 422 (1989) pp. 7–21 |
[a2] | "On Stokes's phenomenon and converging factors" R. Wong (ed.) , Proc. Int. Symp. Asymptotic and Computational Anal. (Winnipeg, Manitoba) , M. Dekker (1990) |
Stokes phenomenon. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Stokes_phenomenon&oldid=26717