Repeated series

A series whose terms are also series:

$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty\left(\sum_{m=1}^\infty u_{mn}\right).\tag{1}$$

The series \ref{1} is said to be convergent if for any fixed $n$ the series

$$\sum_{m=1}^\infty u_{mn}=a_n$$

converges and if also the series

$$\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n$$

converges. The sum of the latter is also called the sum of the repeated series \ref{1}. The sum

$$s=\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\left(\sum_{m=1}^\infty u_{mn}\right)$$

of the repeated series \ref{1} is the repeated limit of the partial sums

$$s_{mn}=\sum_{k=1}^n\sum_{l=1}^mu_{kl},$$

i.e.

$$s=\lim_{n\to\infty}\lim_{m\to\infty}s_{mn}.$$

If the double series

$$\sum_{m,n=1}^\infty u_{mn}$$

converges and the series

$$\sum_{m=1}^\infty u_{mn}$$

converges, then the repeated series \ref{1} converges and it has the same sum as the double series . The condition of this theorem is fulfilled, in particular, if the double series

converges absolutely.

References

[a1]	K. Knopp, "Theorie und Anwendung der unendlichen Reihen" , Springer (1964) (English translation: Blackie, 1951 & Dover, reprint, 1990)