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Difference between revisions of "Pentaspherical coordinates"

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====References====
 
====References====
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  F. Klein,  "Vorlesungen über höhere Geometrie" , Springer  (1926)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  G.V. Bushmanova,  A.P. Norden,  "Elements of conformal geometry" , Kazan'  (1972)  (In Russian)</TD></TR></table>
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<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  F. Klein,  "Vorlesungen über höhere Geometrie" , Springer  (1926)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  G.V. Bushmanova,  A.P. Norden,  "Elements of conformal geometry" , Kazan'  (1972)  (In Russian)</TD></TR>
 
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<TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M. Berger,  "Geometry" , '''1–2''' , Springer  (1987)  (Translated from French)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  J.L. Coolidge,  "A treatise on the circle and the sphere" , Chelsea, reprint  (1971)</TD></TR></table>
 
 
 
 
====Comments====
 
 
 
 
 
====References====
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M. Berger,  "Geometry" , '''1–2''' , Springer  (1987)  (Translated from French)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  J.L. Coolidge,  "A treatise on the circle and the sphere" , Chelsea, reprint  (1971)</TD></TR></table>
 

Latest revision as of 13:12, 7 April 2023

A kind of homogeneous coordinates $x_0:x_1:x_2:x_3:x_4$ for a point $(x)$ in complex inversive space. The numbers $x_\nu$, not all zero, are connected by the relation

$$(x,x)\equiv x_0^2+x_1^2+x_2^2+x_3^2+x_4^2=0.$$

All points $(x)$ which satisfy a linear equation

$$(y,x)\equiv y_0x_0+y_1x_1+y_2x_2+y_3x_3+y_4x_4=0$$

are said to form a sphere, with coordinates $(y)$. Two spheres $(y)$ and $(z)$ are orthogonal if $(y,z)=0$, tangent if

$$(y,y)(z,z)-(y,z)^2=0.$$

If two spheres $(y)$ and $(z)$ intersect, the expression

$$\frac{(y,z)}{\sqrt{(y,y)}\sqrt{(z,z)}}$$

measures the cosine of their angle (or the hyperbolic cosine of their inverse distance).

Setting $x_4=0$, one obtains the analogous tetracyclic coordinates, which lead to circles instead of spheres.

Completely analogous constructions can be performed for spaces of higher dimensions, which give polyspherical coordinates. In the $4$-dimensional case they are called hexaspherical coordinates. Polyspherical coordinates are used in conformal geometry in examining manifolds of figures.

References

[1] F. Klein, "Vorlesungen über höhere Geometrie" , Springer (1926)
[2] G.V. Bushmanova, A.P. Norden, "Elements of conformal geometry" , Kazan' (1972) (In Russian)
[a1] M. Berger, "Geometry" , 1–2 , Springer (1987) (Translated from French)
[a2] J.L. Coolidge, "A treatise on the circle and the sphere" , Chelsea, reprint (1971)
How to Cite This Entry:
Pentaspherical coordinates. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Pentaspherical_coordinates&oldid=53611
This article was adapted from an original article by D.D. Sokolov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article