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Difference between revisions of "Path-connected space"

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A connected space is not necessarily path-connected. It is not true that in an arbitrary path-connected space any two points can be joined by a simple arc: consider the two-point space <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182027.png" /> in which <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182028.png" /> is open and <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182029.png" /> is not. The mapping <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182030.png" /> defined by
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A connected space is not necessarily path-connected. It is not true that in an arbitrary path-connected space any two points can be joined by a simple arc: consider the two-point [[Sierpinski space]] <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182027.png" /> in which <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182028.png" /> is open and <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182029.png" /> is not. The mapping <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182030.png" /> defined by
  
 
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182031.png" /></td> </tr></table>
 
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p071/p071820/p07182031.png" /></td> </tr></table>

Revision as of 08:15, 3 January 2016

A topological space in which any two points can be joined by a continuous image of a simple arc; that is, a space for any two points and of which there is a continuous mapping of the unit interval such that and . A path-connected Hausdorff space is a Hausdorff space in which any two points can be joined by a simple arc, or (what amounts to the same thing) a Hausdorff space into which any mapping of a zero-dimensional sphere is homotopic to a constant mapping. Every path-connected space is connected (cf. Connected space). A continuous image of a path-connected space is path-connected.

Path-connected spaces play an important role in homotopic topology. If a space is path-connected and , then the homotopy groups and are isomorphic, and this isomorphism is uniquely determined up to the action of the group . If is a fibration with path-connected base , then any two fibres have the same homotopy type. If is a weak fibration (a Serre fibration) over a path-connected base , then any two fibres have the same weak homotopy type.

The multi-dimensional generalization of path connectedness is -connectedness (connectedness in dimension ). A space is said to be connected in dimension if any mapping of an -dimensional sphere into , where , is homotopic to a constant mapping.

References

[1] E.H. Spanier, "Algebraic topology" , McGraw-Hill (1966)


Comments

A connected space is not necessarily path-connected. It is not true that in an arbitrary path-connected space any two points can be joined by a simple arc: consider the two-point Sierpinski space in which is open and is not. The mapping defined by

is continuous and connects 0 and 1. A space in which any two points can be joined by a simple arc is called arcwise connected. Thus, path-connected Hausdorff spaces are arcwise connected.

References

[a1] A.V. Arkhangel'skii, V.I. Ponomarev, "Fundamentals of general topology: problems and exercises" , Reidel (1984) (Translated from Russian)
[a2] B. Gray, "Homotopy theory. An introduction to algebraic topology" , Acad. Press (1975) pp. 15ff, 130
How to Cite This Entry:
Path-connected space. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Path-connected_space&oldid=37313
This article was adapted from an original article by S.A. Bogatyi (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article