Arithmetic number

2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 11A [MSN][ZBL]

An integer for which the arithmetic mean of its positive divisors, is an integer. The first numbers in the sequence are 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20 OEIS sequence {{{1}}}. It is known that the natural density of such numbers is 1:[Guy (2004) p.76] indeed, the proportion of numbers less than $X$ which are not arithmetic is asymptotically[Bateman et al (1981)] $$ \exp\left( { -c \sqrt{\log\log X} } \right) $$ where $c = 2\sqrt{\log 2} + o(1)$.

A number $N$ is arithmetic if the number of divisors $d(N)$ divides the sum of divisors $\sigma(N)$. The natural density of integers $N$ for which $d(N)^2$ divides $\sigma(N)$ is 1/2.

References

• Bateman, Paul T.; Erdős, Paul; Pomerance, Carl; Straus, E.G. "The arithmetic mean of the divisors of an integer". In Knopp, M.I.. Analytic number theory, Proc. Conf., Temple Univ., 1980. Lecture Notes in Mathematics 899 Springer-Verlag (1981) pp. 197–220. Zbl 0478.10027
• Guy, Richard K. Unsolved problems in number theory (3rd ed.). Springer-Verlag (2004). ISBN 978-0-387-20860-2 Zbl 1058.11001. Section B2.