Structure constant

2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 17A01 [MSN][ZBL]

of an algebra $A$ over a field or over a commutative associative ring $P$

An element $c_{\alpha\beta}^\gamma \in P$, $\alpha, \beta, \gamma \in I$, defined by the equality $$ e_\alpha e_\beta = \sum_\gamma c_{\alpha\beta}^\gamma e_\gamma $$ where $\{ e_\alpha : \alpha \in I \}$ is a fixed base of $A$. The structure constants determine the algebra uniquely. If the $d_{\xi\eta}^\zeta$ are the structure constants of the algebra $A$ in another base $\{ f_\xi : \xi \in I \}$, where $f_\xi = \sum t_\xi^\alpha e_\alpha$, then $$ \sum_\xi d_{\xi\eta}^\zeta t_\xi^\gamma = \sum_{\alpha,\beta} t_\xi^\alpha t_\eta^\beta c_{\alpha\beta}^\gamma \ . $$ Every identity that is true in $A$ can be expressed by relations between structure constants. For example, $$ c_{\alpha\beta}^\gamma = c_{\beta\alpha}^\gamma $$ (commutativity); $$ \sum_\xi c_{\alpha\beta}^\xi c_{\xi\lambda}^\gamma = \sum_\sigma c_{\alpha\sigma}^\lambda c_{\beta\gamma}^\sigma $$ (associativity); $$ \sum_\xi \left({ c_{\alpha\beta}^\xi c_{\xi\gamma}^\lambda + c_{\beta\gamma}^\xi c_{\xi\alpha}^\lambda + c_{\gamma\alpha}^\xi c_{\xi\beta}^\lambda }\right) $$ (Jacobi's identity).

References

[a1]	P.M. Cohn, "Algebra" , 2 , Wiley (1989) pp. 167ff