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Simple ring

From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
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A ring, containing more than one element, without two-sided ideals (cf. Ideal) different from 0 and the entire ring. An associative simple ring with an identity element and containing a minimal one-sided ideal is isomorphic to a matrix ring over a some skew-field (cf. also Associative rings and algebras). Without the assumption on the existence of an identity, such a ring is locally matrix over some skew-field $D$, i.e. each of its finite subsets is contained in a subring isomorphic to a matrix ring over $D$ (cf. [2]). There are simple rings without zero divisors (even Noetherian simple rings, cf. also Noetherian ring) different from a skew-field, as well as Noetherian simple rings with zero divisors but without idempotents [3]. Simple rings that are radical in the sense of N. Jacobson are known (cf. [1]). A simple nil ring was constructed by Smoktunowicz in 2002 (cf. [6]).


The description of the structure of alternative simple rings reduces to the associative case (cf. Alternative rings and algebras). See also Simple algebra.

References

[1] L.A. Bokut', "Associative rings" , 1–2 , Novosibirsk (1977–1981) (In Russian)
[2] N. Jacobson, "Structure of rings" , Amer. Math. Soc. (1956)
[3] A.E. Zalesskii, O. Neroslavskii, "There exist simple Noetherian rings with zero division but without idempotents" Comm. in Algebra , 5 : 3 (1977) pp. 231–244 (In Russian) (English abstract)
[4] C. Faith, "Algebra" , 1–2 , Springer (1973–1976)
[5] J. Cozzens, C. Faith, "Simple Noetherian rings" , Cambridge Univ. Press (1975)
[6] A. Smoktunowicz, "A Simple Nil Ring Exists", Comm. in Algebra 30 (2002), pp. 27-59.
How to Cite This Entry:
Simple ring. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Simple_ring&oldid=32103
This article was adapted from an original article by L.A. Skornyakov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article