Difference between revisions of "Pre-measure"
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+ | A finitely-additive [[Measure|measure]] with real or complex values on some space $ \Omega $ | ||
+ | having the property that it is defined on an algebra $ \mathfrak A $ | ||
+ | of subsets of $ \Omega $ | ||
+ | of the form $ \mathfrak A = \cup _ {\alpha \in A } \mathfrak B _ \alpha $, | ||
+ | where $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $ | ||
+ | is a family of $ \sigma $-algebras of $ \Omega $, | ||
+ | labelled by the elements of some partially ordered set $ A $, | ||
+ | such that $ \mathfrak B _ {\alpha _ {1} } \subset \mathfrak B _ {\alpha _ {2} } $ | ||
+ | if $ \alpha _ {1} < \alpha _ {2} $, | ||
+ | while the restriction of the measure to any $ \sigma $-algebra $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $ | ||
+ | is countably additive. E.g., if $ \Omega $ | ||
+ | is a Hausdorff space, $ A $ | ||
+ | is the family of all compacta, ordered by inclusion, $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $, | ||
+ | $ \alpha \in A $, | ||
+ | is the $ \sigma $-algebra of all Borel subsets of the compactum $ \alpha $ | ||
+ | and $ C _ {0} ( \Omega ) $ | ||
+ | is the space of all continuous functions on $ \Omega $ | ||
+ | with compact support, then every linear functional on $ C _ {0} ( \Omega ) $ | ||
+ | that is continuous in the topology of uniform convergence in $ C _ {0} ( \Omega ) $ | ||
+ | generates a pre-measure on the algebra $ \mathfrak A = \cup _ {\alpha \in A } \mathfrak B _ \alpha $. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Let $ \Omega $ | ||
+ | be a locally convex linear space, let $ A $ | ||
+ | be the set of finite-dimensional subspaces of the dual space $ \Omega ^ \prime $, | ||
+ | ordered by inclusion, and let $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $, | ||
+ | $ \alpha \in A $, | ||
+ | be the least $ \sigma $-algebra relative to which all linear functionals $ \phi \in \alpha $ | ||
+ | are measurable. The sets of the algebra $ \mathfrak A = \cup _ {\alpha \in A } \mathfrak B $ | ||
+ | are called cylindrical sets, and any pre-measure on $ \mathfrak A $ | ||
+ | is called a [[Cylindrical measure|cylindrical measure]] (or quasi-measure). A positive-definite functional on $ \Omega ^ \prime $ | ||
+ | that is continuous on any finite-dimensional subspace $ \alpha \subset \Omega $ | ||
+ | is the characteristic function (Fourier transform) of a finite non-negative pre-measure on $ \Omega $. | ||
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> N. Bourbaki, "Elements of mathematics. Integration" , Addison-Wesley (1975) pp. Chapt.6;7;8 (Translated from French)</TD></TR></table> | <table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> N. Bourbaki, "Elements of mathematics. Integration" , Addison-Wesley (1975) pp. Chapt.6;7;8 (Translated from French)</TD></TR></table> | ||
− | |||
− | |||
====Comments==== | ====Comments==== | ||
− | The term "pre-measure" is also used in the following, related but somewhat different, sense. Let | + | The term "pre-measure" is also used in the following, related but somewhat different, sense. Let $ {\mathcal R} $ |
+ | be a ring of sets on some space $ \Omega $, | ||
+ | and $ \mu $ | ||
+ | a numerical function defined on $ {\mathcal R} $. | ||
+ | Then $ \mu $ | ||
+ | is a pre-measure if | ||
− | i) | + | i) $ \mu ( \emptyset ) = 0 $, |
+ | $ \mu ( A) \geq 0 $ | ||
+ | for all $ A \in {\mathcal R} $; | ||
− | ii) | + | ii) $ \mu ( \cup _ {n= 1} ^ \infty A _ {n} ) = \sum _ {n= 1} ^ \infty \mu ( A _ {n} ) $ |
+ | for every countable sequence of pairwise disjoint subsets $ A _ {n} \in {\mathcal R} $ | ||
+ | such that $ \cup A _ {n} \in {\mathcal R} $. | ||
− | If ii) only holds for finite disjoint sequences, | + | If ii) only holds for finite disjoint sequences, $ \mu $ |
+ | is called a content. Not every content is a pre-measure. | ||
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> H. Bauer, "Probability theory and elements of measure theory" , Holt, Rinehart & Winston (1972) pp. 13ff (Translated from German)</TD></TR></table> | <table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> H. Bauer, "Probability theory and elements of measure theory" , Holt, Rinehart & Winston (1972) pp. 13ff (Translated from German)</TD></TR></table> |
Latest revision as of 04:40, 9 May 2022
A finitely-additive measure with real or complex values on some space $ \Omega $
having the property that it is defined on an algebra $ \mathfrak A $
of subsets of $ \Omega $
of the form $ \mathfrak A = \cup _ {\alpha \in A } \mathfrak B _ \alpha $,
where $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $
is a family of $ \sigma $-algebras of $ \Omega $,
labelled by the elements of some partially ordered set $ A $,
such that $ \mathfrak B _ {\alpha _ {1} } \subset \mathfrak B _ {\alpha _ {2} } $
if $ \alpha _ {1} < \alpha _ {2} $,
while the restriction of the measure to any $ \sigma $-algebra $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $
is countably additive. E.g., if $ \Omega $
is a Hausdorff space, $ A $
is the family of all compacta, ordered by inclusion, $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $,
$ \alpha \in A $,
is the $ \sigma $-algebra of all Borel subsets of the compactum $ \alpha $
and $ C _ {0} ( \Omega ) $
is the space of all continuous functions on $ \Omega $
with compact support, then every linear functional on $ C _ {0} ( \Omega ) $
that is continuous in the topology of uniform convergence in $ C _ {0} ( \Omega ) $
generates a pre-measure on the algebra $ \mathfrak A = \cup _ {\alpha \in A } \mathfrak B _ \alpha $.
Let $ \Omega $ be a locally convex linear space, let $ A $ be the set of finite-dimensional subspaces of the dual space $ \Omega ^ \prime $, ordered by inclusion, and let $ \mathfrak B _ \alpha $, $ \alpha \in A $, be the least $ \sigma $-algebra relative to which all linear functionals $ \phi \in \alpha $ are measurable. The sets of the algebra $ \mathfrak A = \cup _ {\alpha \in A } \mathfrak B $ are called cylindrical sets, and any pre-measure on $ \mathfrak A $ is called a cylindrical measure (or quasi-measure). A positive-definite functional on $ \Omega ^ \prime $ that is continuous on any finite-dimensional subspace $ \alpha \subset \Omega $ is the characteristic function (Fourier transform) of a finite non-negative pre-measure on $ \Omega $.
References
[1] | N. Bourbaki, "Elements of mathematics. Integration" , Addison-Wesley (1975) pp. Chapt.6;7;8 (Translated from French) |
Comments
The term "pre-measure" is also used in the following, related but somewhat different, sense. Let $ {\mathcal R} $ be a ring of sets on some space $ \Omega $, and $ \mu $ a numerical function defined on $ {\mathcal R} $. Then $ \mu $ is a pre-measure if
i) $ \mu ( \emptyset ) = 0 $, $ \mu ( A) \geq 0 $ for all $ A \in {\mathcal R} $;
ii) $ \mu ( \cup _ {n= 1} ^ \infty A _ {n} ) = \sum _ {n= 1} ^ \infty \mu ( A _ {n} ) $ for every countable sequence of pairwise disjoint subsets $ A _ {n} \in {\mathcal R} $ such that $ \cup A _ {n} \in {\mathcal R} $.
If ii) only holds for finite disjoint sequences, $ \mu $ is called a content. Not every content is a pre-measure.
References
[a1] | H. Bauer, "Probability theory and elements of measure theory" , Holt, Rinehart & Winston (1972) pp. 13ff (Translated from German) |
Pre-measure. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Pre-measure&oldid=18650