Difference between revisions of "Hyper-elliptic curve"
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| − | A non-singular projective model of the affine curve | + | {{TEX|done}}{{MSC|14H45}} |
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| + | A non-singular projective model of the affine curve $y^2=f(x)$, where $f(x)$ is a polynomial without multiple roots of odd degree $n$ (the case of even degree $2k$ may be reduced to that of odd degree $2k-1$). The field of functions on a hyper-elliptic curve (a field of hyper-elliptic functions) is a quadratic extension of the field of rational functions; in this sense it is the simplest field of algebraic functions except for the field of rational functions. Hyper-elliptic curves are distinguished by the condition of the existence of a one-dimensional [[linear series]] $g_2'$ of [[Divisor (algebraic geometry)|divisor]]s of degree 2, defining a morphism of order 2 of the hyper-elliptic curve onto the projective straight line. The [[Genus of a curve|genus]] of a hyper-elliptic curve is $g =(n-1)/2$, so that, for various odd $n$, hyper-elliptic curves are birationally inequivalent. | ||
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| + | For $n=1$, $g=0$ one obtains the projective straight line; for $n=3$, $g=1$ an elliptic curve is obtained. Traditionally, curves of genus 0 and 1 are not called hyper-elliptic curves. The fractions of regular differential forms generate a subfield of genus 0 on a hyper-elliptic curve of genus $g>1$; this property is a complete characterization of hyper-elliptic curves. A further characterization is that hyper-elliptic curves have exactly $2g+2$ [[Weierstrass point]]s. | ||
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
| − | <table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> C. Chevalley, "Introduction to the theory of algebraic functions of one variable" , Amer. Math. Soc. (1951) {{MR|0042164}} {{ZBL|0045.32301}} </TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top"> G. Springer, "Introduction to Riemann surfaces" , Addison-Wesley (1957) pp. Chapt.10 {{MR|0092855}} {{ZBL|0078.06602}} </TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[3]</TD> <TD valign="top"> I.R. Shafarevich, "Basic algebraic geometry" , Springer (1977) (Translated from Russian) {{MR|0447223}} {{ZBL|0362.14001}} </TD></TR></table> | + | <table> |
| − | + | <TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> C. Chevalley, "Introduction to the theory of algebraic functions of one variable" , Amer. Math. Soc. (1951) {{MR|0042164}} {{ZBL|0045.32301}} </TD></TR> | |
| + | <TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top"> G. Springer, "Introduction to Riemann surfaces" , Addison-Wesley (1957) pp. Chapt.10 {{MR|0092855}} {{ZBL|0078.06602}} </TD></TR> | ||
| + | <TR><TD valign="top">[3]</TD> <TD valign="top"> I.R. Shafarevich, "Basic algebraic geometry" , Springer (1977) (Translated from Russian) {{MR|0447223}} {{ZBL|0362.14001}} </TD></TR> | ||
| + | </table> | ||
====Comments==== | ====Comments==== | ||
| − | The definition given in the main article (first sentence) is only valid in characteristic not equal to 2. In general, a hyper-elliptic curve can be defined as a double covering (cf. also [[ | + | The definition given in the main article (first sentence) is only valid in characteristic not equal to 2. In general, a hyper-elliptic curve can be defined as a double covering (cf. also [[Covering surface]]) of a [[Rational curve|rational curve]]. |
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
| − | <table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> E. Arbarello, M. Cornalba, P.A. Griffiths, J.E. Harris, "Geometry of algebraic curves" , '''1''' , Springer (1985) {{MR|0770932}} {{ZBL|0559.14017}} </TD></TR></table> | + | <table> |
| + | <TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top"> E. Arbarello, M. Cornalba, P.A. Griffiths, J.E. Harris, "Geometry of algebraic curves" , '''1''' , Springer (1985) {{MR|0770932}} {{ZBL|0559.14017}} </TD></TR> | ||
| + | </table> | ||
Latest revision as of 18:17, 22 November 2014
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 14H45 [MSN][ZBL]
A non-singular projective model of the affine curve $y^2=f(x)$, where $f(x)$ is a polynomial without multiple roots of odd degree $n$ (the case of even degree $2k$ may be reduced to that of odd degree $2k-1$). The field of functions on a hyper-elliptic curve (a field of hyper-elliptic functions) is a quadratic extension of the field of rational functions; in this sense it is the simplest field of algebraic functions except for the field of rational functions. Hyper-elliptic curves are distinguished by the condition of the existence of a one-dimensional linear series $g_2'$ of divisors of degree 2, defining a morphism of order 2 of the hyper-elliptic curve onto the projective straight line. The genus of a hyper-elliptic curve is $g =(n-1)/2$, so that, for various odd $n$, hyper-elliptic curves are birationally inequivalent.
For $n=1$, $g=0$ one obtains the projective straight line; for $n=3$, $g=1$ an elliptic curve is obtained. Traditionally, curves of genus 0 and 1 are not called hyper-elliptic curves. The fractions of regular differential forms generate a subfield of genus 0 on a hyper-elliptic curve of genus $g>1$; this property is a complete characterization of hyper-elliptic curves. A further characterization is that hyper-elliptic curves have exactly $2g+2$ Weierstrass points.
References
| [1] | C. Chevalley, "Introduction to the theory of algebraic functions of one variable" , Amer. Math. Soc. (1951) MR0042164 Zbl 0045.32301 |
| [2] | G. Springer, "Introduction to Riemann surfaces" , Addison-Wesley (1957) pp. Chapt.10 MR0092855 Zbl 0078.06602 |
| [3] | I.R. Shafarevich, "Basic algebraic geometry" , Springer (1977) (Translated from Russian) MR0447223 Zbl 0362.14001 |
Comments
The definition given in the main article (first sentence) is only valid in characteristic not equal to 2. In general, a hyper-elliptic curve can be defined as a double covering (cf. also Covering surface) of a rational curve.
References
| [a1] | E. Arbarello, M. Cornalba, P.A. Griffiths, J.E. Harris, "Geometry of algebraic curves" , 1 , Springer (1985) MR0770932 Zbl 0559.14017 |
How to Cite This Entry:
Hyper-elliptic curve. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Hyper-elliptic_curve&oldid=23861
Hyper-elliptic curve. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Hyper-elliptic_curve&oldid=23861
This article was adapted from an original article by V.E. Voskresenskii (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article