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...clopedia/old_files/data/A013/A.0103570 Astrophysics, mathematical problems of ...considered in astrophysics, after which it was used to solve a wide class of problems in mathematical physics and certain problems in probability theory

...number of degrees of freedom. Quantum field theory unifies the description of fields and particles, which, in classical physics, appear as two distinct e ...he theory. It is convenient to explain how it is introduced by the example of an electromagnetic field, as this is the only field having a clear content,