Poincaré-Hopf theorem
From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
Let $M$ be a smooth compact manifold with boundary $W=\partial M$, and let $X$ be a vector field on $M$ with isolated zeros such that $X$ points outwards at all points in the boundary $W$.
Then the sum of the indices of the zeros of $V$ (see Singular point, index of a) is equal to the Euler characteristic of $M$.
This is the generalization proved by H. Hopf, in 1926, of the two-dimensional version owed to H. Poincaré (1881, 1885) (see Poincaré theorem).
References
[a1] | J.W. Milnor, "Topology from the differentiable viewpoint" , Univ. Virginia Press (1965) pp. 35 |
[a2] | N.G. Lloyd, "Degree theory" , Cambridge Univ. Press (1978) pp. 33 |
How to Cite This Entry:
Poincaré-Hopf theorem. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Poincar%C3%A9-Hopf_theorem&oldid=32943
Poincaré-Hopf theorem. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Poincar%C3%A9-Hopf_theorem&oldid=32943
This article was adapted from an original article by M. Hazewinkel (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article