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Difference between revisions of "Principal series"

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''of length <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747702.png" />''
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''of length $m$''
  
 
A finite descending chain
 
A finite descending chain
  
<table class="eq" style="width:100%;"> <tr><td valign="top" style="width:94%;text-align:center;"><img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747703.png" /></td> </tr></table>
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$$G=G_0>G_1>\ldots>G_m=1$$
  
of normal subgroups of a group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747704.png" /> that cannot be included (without repetition) in any other chain with the same properties, i.e. <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747705.png" /> is a maximal [[Normal subgroup|normal subgroup]] of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747706.png" /> contained in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747707.png" /> as a proper subgroup, <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747708.png" />. A group has at least one principal series if and only if all ascending and descending chains of normal subgroups have finite length. If a group has two principal series, then they are isomorphic, i.e. they have the same length and there exists a bijection between the set of quotients <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p0747709.png" /> of one series and the set of quotients of the other series, corresponding factors being isomorphic.
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of normal subgroups of a group $G$ that cannot be included (without repetition) in any other chain with the same properties, i.e. $G_{i+1}$ is a maximal [[Normal subgroup|normal subgroup]] of $G$ contained in $G_i$ as a proper subgroup, $i=0,\ldots,m-1$. A group has at least one principal series if and only if all ascending and descending chains of normal subgroups have finite length. If a group has two principal series, then they are isomorphic, i.e. they have the same length and there exists a bijection between the set of quotients $G_i/G_{i+1}$ of one series and the set of quotients of the other series, corresponding factors being isomorphic.
  
  
  
 
====Comments====
 
====Comments====
The terminology  "principal series"  is almost never used in the West. Instead one uses chief series. The isomorphism statement above is the Jordan–Hölder theorem for chief series. The quotients <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/p/p074/p074770/p07477010.png" /> defined by a chief series are called chief factors. Any chief series can be refined to a composition series (cf. [[Composition sequence|Composition sequence]]).
+
The terminology  "principal series"  is almost never used in the West. Instead one uses chief series. The isomorphism statement above is the Jordan–Hölder theorem for chief series. The quotients $G_i/G_{i+1}$ defined by a chief series are called chief factors. Any chief series can be refined to a composition series (cf. [[Composition sequence|Composition sequence]]).
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  R. Carmichael,  "Groups of finite order" , Dover, reprint  (1956)  pp. 97</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M. Hall jr.,  "The theory of groups" , Macmillan  (1959)  pp. 124</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top">  B. Huppert,  "Endliche Gruppen" , '''1''' , Springer  (1967)  pp. 64</TD></TR></table>
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  R. Carmichael,  "Groups of finite order" , Dover, reprint  (1956)  pp. 97</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M. Hall jr.,  "The theory of groups" , Macmillan  (1959)  pp. 124</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top">  B. Huppert,  "Endliche Gruppen" , '''1''' , Springer  (1967)  pp. 64</TD></TR></table>

Revision as of 14:40, 15 April 2014

of length $m$

A finite descending chain

$$G=G_0>G_1>\ldots>G_m=1$$

of normal subgroups of a group $G$ that cannot be included (without repetition) in any other chain with the same properties, i.e. $G_{i+1}$ is a maximal normal subgroup of $G$ contained in $G_i$ as a proper subgroup, $i=0,\ldots,m-1$. A group has at least one principal series if and only if all ascending and descending chains of normal subgroups have finite length. If a group has two principal series, then they are isomorphic, i.e. they have the same length and there exists a bijection between the set of quotients $G_i/G_{i+1}$ of one series and the set of quotients of the other series, corresponding factors being isomorphic.


Comments

The terminology "principal series" is almost never used in the West. Instead one uses chief series. The isomorphism statement above is the Jordan–Hölder theorem for chief series. The quotients $G_i/G_{i+1}$ defined by a chief series are called chief factors. Any chief series can be refined to a composition series (cf. Composition sequence).

References

[a1] R. Carmichael, "Groups of finite order" , Dover, reprint (1956) pp. 97
[a2] M. Hall jr., "The theory of groups" , Macmillan (1959) pp. 124
[a3] B. Huppert, "Endliche Gruppen" , 1 , Springer (1967) pp. 64
How to Cite This Entry:
Principal series. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Principal_series&oldid=31722
This article was adapted from an original article by Yu.I. Merzlyakov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article