Maximal term of a series

The term of a convergent series of numbers or functions with positive terms the value of which is not less than the values of all other terms of this series.

Applying this idea to the study of power series

$$ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}c_{k}(z-a)^{k} $$ in one complex variable $z$ with positive radius of convergence $R$, $0<R\leq\infty$, one has in mind the maximal term $\mu(r)$ of the series

$$ \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}|c_{k}|r^{k},\quad 0<r=|z-a|<R. $$ Thus,

$$|c_{k}|r^{k}\leq\mu(r),\quad k=0,1,\dots$$ The index $\nu(r)$ of the maximal term $\mu(r)$ is called the central index:

$$\mu(r)=|c_{\nu(r)}|r^{\nu(r)} .$$ If there are several terms in modulus equal to $\mu(r)$, then the central index is taken to be the largest of the indices of these terms. The function

$$y=\ln\mu(e^x), \quad -\infty\leq x\leq\infty ,$$ is non-decreasing and convex; the function $\nu(r)$ is a step-function, increases at discontinuity points in natural numbers and is everywhere continuous from the right.

References

[1]	G. Valiron, "Les fonctions analytiques" , Paris (1954)
[2]	H. Wittich, "Neuere Untersuchungen über eindeutige analytische Funktionen" , Springer (1955)
[3]	G. Pólya, G. Szegö, "Problems and theorems in analysis" , 2 , Springer (1976) pp. Part IV, Chapt. 1 (Translated from German)