Difference between revisions of "Tower of fields"
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| − | + | {{TEX|done}} | |
| + | {{MSC|12Fxx|11R37}} | ||
| − | + | A tower of fields or a | |
| + | field tower is | ||
| + | an extension sequence | ||
| + | $$k\subset k_1\subset \dots \subset k_i \subset \dots$$ | ||
| + | of some field $k$. Depending on the | ||
| + | properties of the extensions $k_{i+1}/k_i$, the tower is called normal, Abelian, | ||
| + | separable, etc. The concept of a field tower plays an important role | ||
| + | in | ||
| + | [[Galois theory|Galois theory]], in which the problem of expressing | ||
| + | the roots of equations by radicals is reduced to the possibility of | ||
| + | including the splitting field of the equation into a normal Abelian | ||
| + | field tower. | ||
| − | + | In | |
| − | + | [[Class field theory|class field theory]] the tower | |
| − | + | $$k\subset k_1\subset \dots \subset k_i \subset \dots$$ | |
| − | + | occurs, | |
| − | + | where $k$ is some algebraic number field, while each field $k_{i+1}$ is the | |
| − | + | Hilbert class field of $k_i$ (i.e. the maximal Abelian unramified | |
| − | + | extension of $k_i$). The Galois group of any extension $k_{i+1}/k_i$ is isomorphic | |
| − | + | to the ideal class group of the field $k_i$ (by Artin's reciprocity law) | |
| − | occurs, where | + | and, since the latter group is finite, all extensions $k_{i+1}/k_i$ are finite |
| + | as well. The union $K$ of the fields $k_i$ is the maximal solvable | ||
| + | unramified extension of $k$. The question of the finiteness of the | ||
| + | extension $K/k$ (the class field tower problem) was posed in 1925 by | ||
| + | Ph. Furtwängler and was negatively answered in 1964 | ||
| + | {{Cite|GoSh}}. An example of a field with an infinite class | ||
| + | field tower is the extension of the field of rational numbers obtained | ||
| + | by adjoining $\sqrt{-30030}$. It is impossible to imbed such a field in an | ||
| + | algebraic number field that has unique factorization. The solution of | ||
| + | the problem has applications in algebraic number theory, e.g. in | ||
| + | obtaining a precise estimate of the growth of discriminants of | ||
| + | algebraic number fields. | ||
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
| − | + | {| | |
| + | |- | ||
| + | |valign="top"|{{Ref|CaFr}}||valign="top"| J.W.S. Cassels (ed.) A. Fröhlich (ed.), ''Algebraic number theory'', Acad. Press (1967) {{MR|0215665}} {{ZBL|0153.07403}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |valign="top"|{{Ref|GoSh}}||valign="top"| E.S. Golod, I.R. Shafarevich, "On class field towers" ''Transl. Amer. Math. Soc. (2)'', '''48''' (1965) pp. 91–102 ''Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat.'', '''28''' (1964) pp. 261–272 {{MR|0161852}} {{ZBL|0148.28101}} | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
Revision as of 23:28, 17 February 2012
2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 12Fxx Secondary: 11R37 [MSN][ZBL]
A tower of fields or a field tower is an extension sequence $$k\subset k_1\subset \dots \subset k_i \subset \dots$$ of some field $k$. Depending on the properties of the extensions $k_{i+1}/k_i$, the tower is called normal, Abelian, separable, etc. The concept of a field tower plays an important role in Galois theory, in which the problem of expressing the roots of equations by radicals is reduced to the possibility of including the splitting field of the equation into a normal Abelian field tower.
In class field theory the tower $$k\subset k_1\subset \dots \subset k_i \subset \dots$$ occurs, where $k$ is some algebraic number field, while each field $k_{i+1}$ is the Hilbert class field of $k_i$ (i.e. the maximal Abelian unramified extension of $k_i$). The Galois group of any extension $k_{i+1}/k_i$ is isomorphic to the ideal class group of the field $k_i$ (by Artin's reciprocity law) and, since the latter group is finite, all extensions $k_{i+1}/k_i$ are finite as well. The union $K$ of the fields $k_i$ is the maximal solvable unramified extension of $k$. The question of the finiteness of the extension $K/k$ (the class field tower problem) was posed in 1925 by Ph. Furtwängler and was negatively answered in 1964 [GoSh]. An example of a field with an infinite class field tower is the extension of the field of rational numbers obtained by adjoining $\sqrt{-30030}$. It is impossible to imbed such a field in an algebraic number field that has unique factorization. The solution of the problem has applications in algebraic number theory, e.g. in obtaining a precise estimate of the growth of discriminants of algebraic number fields.
References
| [CaFr] | J.W.S. Cassels (ed.) A. Fröhlich (ed.), Algebraic number theory, Acad. Press (1967) MR0215665 Zbl 0153.07403 |
| [GoSh] | E.S. Golod, I.R. Shafarevich, "On class field towers" Transl. Amer. Math. Soc. (2), 48 (1965) pp. 91–102 Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat., 28 (1964) pp. 261–272 MR0161852 Zbl 0148.28101 |
How to Cite This Entry:
Tower of fields. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Tower_of_fields&oldid=21156
Tower of fields. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Tower_of_fields&oldid=21156
This article was adapted from an original article by A.N. Parshin (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article