Difference between revisions of "FANR space"
(Importing text file) |
m (AUTOMATIC EDIT (latexlist): Replaced 32 formulas out of 32 by TEX code with an average confidence of 2.0 and a minimal confidence of 2.0.) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
− | + | <!--This article has been texified automatically. Since there was no Nroff source code for this article, | |
+ | the semi-automatic procedure described at https://encyclopediaofmath.org/wiki/User:Maximilian_Janisch/latexlist | ||
+ | was used. | ||
+ | If the TeX and formula formatting is correct, please remove this message and the {{TEX|semi-auto}} category. | ||
− | + | Out of 32 formulas, 32 were replaced by TEX code.--> | |
− | + | {{TEX|semi-auto}}{{TEX|done}} | |
+ | These spaces were introduced by K. Borsuk [[#References|[a1]]] as a shape-theoretic analogue of ANR spaces (cf. [[Retract of a topological space|Retract of a topological space]]). FANR is an abbreviation of fundamental absolute neighbourhood retract, where "fundamental" refers to the particular technique used by Borsuk in his construction of the shape category $\operatorname{Sh}$ (cf. [[Shape theory|Shape theory]]). A metric compactum (cf. [[Metric space|Metric space]]; [[Compact space|Compact space]]) $X$ is an FANR space provided that for every metric compactum $Y$ containing $X$ there exist a neighbourhood $U$ of $X$ in $Y$ and a shape retraction $R : U \rightarrow X$, i.e., a shape morphism such that $R S [ i ] = id_X$. Here $i : X \rightarrow U$ denotes the inclusion mapping and $S [ i ]$ is the induced shape morphism. Clearly, every compact ANR is a FANR. For $U = Y$ one obtains FAR spaces (fundamental absolute retracts). | ||
− | All FANR spaces are pointed FANR spaces [[#References|[a6]]]. The crucial step in the proof of this important theorem is the following homotopy-theoretic result: On a finite-dimensional [[Polyhedron|polyhedron]] | + | If $X$ is shape dominated by $X ^ { \prime }$, i.e., if there exist shape morphisms $F : X \rightarrow X ^ { \prime }$ and $G : X ^ { \prime } \rightarrow X$ such that $G F = \operatorname {id}_X$, and $X ^ { \prime }$ is an FANR space, then so is $X$. Consequently, FANR spaces coincide with metric compacta which are shape dominated by compact ANR spaces, or equivalently, by compact polyhedra. FANR spaces are characterized by a form of movability, called strong movability [[#References|[a2]]]. In particular, a FANR is a [[Movable space|movable space]]. |
+ | |||
+ | In various constructions and theorems, FANR spaces must be pointed. E.g., if the intersection of two pointed FANR spaces is a pointed FANR, then their union is also a pointed FANR [[#References|[a3]]]. Connected pointed FANR spaces coincide with stable continua, i.e., have the shape of an ANR (equivalently, of a polyhedron) [[#References|[a5]]]. A FANR $X$ has the shape of a compact ANR (equivalently, of a compact polyhedron) if and only if its Wall obstruction $\sigma( X ) = 0$. This obstruction is an element of the reduced projective class group $\widetilde{ K } ^ { 0 } ( \check{\pi} _ { 1 } ( X , * ) )$ of the first shape group $\check{\pi} _ { 1 } ( X , * )$. There exist FANR spaces for which $\sigma( X ) \neq 0$ [[#References|[a4]]]. A pointed metric continuum of finite shape dimension is a pointed FANR if and only if its homotopy pro-groups are stable, i.e. are isomorphic to groups. | ||
+ | |||
+ | All FANR spaces are pointed FANR spaces [[#References|[a6]]]. The crucial step in the proof of this important theorem is the following homotopy-theoretic result: On a finite-dimensional [[Polyhedron|polyhedron]] $X$ every homotopy idempotent $f : X \rightarrow X$ splits, i.e., $f ^ { 2 } \simeq f$ implies the existence of a space $Y$ and of mappings $u : Y \rightarrow X$, $v : X \rightarrow Y$, such that $v u \simeq 1_{Y}$, $u v \simeq f$. | ||
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
− | <table>< | + | <table><tr><td valign="top">[a1]</td> <td valign="top"> K. Borsuk, "Fundamental retracts and extensions of fundamental sequences" ''Fund. Math.'' , '''64''' (1969) pp. 55–85</td></tr><tr><td valign="top">[a2]</td> <td valign="top"> K. Borsuk, "A note on the theory of shape of compacta" ''Fund. Math.'' , '''67''' (1970) pp. 265–278</td></tr><tr><td valign="top">[a3]</td> <td valign="top"> J. Dydak, S. Nowak, S. Strok, "On the union of two FANR-sets" ''Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Ser. Sci. Math. Astr. Phys.'' , '''24''' (1976) pp. 485–489</td></tr><tr><td valign="top">[a4]</td> <td valign="top"> D.A. Edwards, R. Geoghegan, "Shapes of complexes, ends of manifolds, homotopy limits and the Wall obstruction" ''Ann. Math.'' , '''101''' (1975) pp. 521–535 (Correction: 104 (1976), 389)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top">[a5]</td> <td valign="top"> D.A. Edwards, R. Geoghegan, "Stability theorems in shape and pro-homotopy" ''Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.'' , '''222''' (1976) pp. 389–403</td></tr><tr><td valign="top">[a6]</td> <td valign="top"> H.M. Hastings, A. Heller, "Homotopy idempotents on finite-dimensional complexes split" ''Proc. Amer. Math. Soc.'' , '''85''' (1982) pp. 619–622</td></tr></table> |
Latest revision as of 15:31, 1 July 2020
These spaces were introduced by K. Borsuk [a1] as a shape-theoretic analogue of ANR spaces (cf. Retract of a topological space). FANR is an abbreviation of fundamental absolute neighbourhood retract, where "fundamental" refers to the particular technique used by Borsuk in his construction of the shape category $\operatorname{Sh}$ (cf. Shape theory). A metric compactum (cf. Metric space; Compact space) $X$ is an FANR space provided that for every metric compactum $Y$ containing $X$ there exist a neighbourhood $U$ of $X$ in $Y$ and a shape retraction $R : U \rightarrow X$, i.e., a shape morphism such that $R S [ i ] = id_X$. Here $i : X \rightarrow U$ denotes the inclusion mapping and $S [ i ]$ is the induced shape morphism. Clearly, every compact ANR is a FANR. For $U = Y$ one obtains FAR spaces (fundamental absolute retracts).
If $X$ is shape dominated by $X ^ { \prime }$, i.e., if there exist shape morphisms $F : X \rightarrow X ^ { \prime }$ and $G : X ^ { \prime } \rightarrow X$ such that $G F = \operatorname {id}_X$, and $X ^ { \prime }$ is an FANR space, then so is $X$. Consequently, FANR spaces coincide with metric compacta which are shape dominated by compact ANR spaces, or equivalently, by compact polyhedra. FANR spaces are characterized by a form of movability, called strong movability [a2]. In particular, a FANR is a movable space.
In various constructions and theorems, FANR spaces must be pointed. E.g., if the intersection of two pointed FANR spaces is a pointed FANR, then their union is also a pointed FANR [a3]. Connected pointed FANR spaces coincide with stable continua, i.e., have the shape of an ANR (equivalently, of a polyhedron) [a5]. A FANR $X$ has the shape of a compact ANR (equivalently, of a compact polyhedron) if and only if its Wall obstruction $\sigma( X ) = 0$. This obstruction is an element of the reduced projective class group $\widetilde{ K } ^ { 0 } ( \check{\pi} _ { 1 } ( X , * ) )$ of the first shape group $\check{\pi} _ { 1 } ( X , * )$. There exist FANR spaces for which $\sigma( X ) \neq 0$ [a4]. A pointed metric continuum of finite shape dimension is a pointed FANR if and only if its homotopy pro-groups are stable, i.e. are isomorphic to groups.
All FANR spaces are pointed FANR spaces [a6]. The crucial step in the proof of this important theorem is the following homotopy-theoretic result: On a finite-dimensional polyhedron $X$ every homotopy idempotent $f : X \rightarrow X$ splits, i.e., $f ^ { 2 } \simeq f$ implies the existence of a space $Y$ and of mappings $u : Y \rightarrow X$, $v : X \rightarrow Y$, such that $v u \simeq 1_{Y}$, $u v \simeq f$.
References
[a1] | K. Borsuk, "Fundamental retracts and extensions of fundamental sequences" Fund. Math. , 64 (1969) pp. 55–85 |
[a2] | K. Borsuk, "A note on the theory of shape of compacta" Fund. Math. , 67 (1970) pp. 265–278 |
[a3] | J. Dydak, S. Nowak, S. Strok, "On the union of two FANR-sets" Bull. Acad. Polon. Sci. Ser. Sci. Math. Astr. Phys. , 24 (1976) pp. 485–489 |
[a4] | D.A. Edwards, R. Geoghegan, "Shapes of complexes, ends of manifolds, homotopy limits and the Wall obstruction" Ann. Math. , 101 (1975) pp. 521–535 (Correction: 104 (1976), 389) |
[a5] | D.A. Edwards, R. Geoghegan, "Stability theorems in shape and pro-homotopy" Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. , 222 (1976) pp. 389–403 |
[a6] | H.M. Hastings, A. Heller, "Homotopy idempotents on finite-dimensional complexes split" Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. , 85 (1982) pp. 619–622 |
FANR space. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=FANR_space&oldid=15543