Difference between revisions of "Lagrange theorem"
(Importing text file) |
(LaTeX) |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
For Lagrange's theorem in differential calculus see [[Finite-increments formula|Finite-increments formula]]. | For Lagrange's theorem in differential calculus see [[Finite-increments formula|Finite-increments formula]]. | ||
− | Lagrange's theorem in group theory: The order | + | Lagrange's theorem in group theory: The order $|G|$ of any [[Finite group|finite group]] $G$ is divisible by the order $|H|$ of any subgroup $H$ of it. The theorem was actually proved by J.L. Lagrange in 1771 in the study of properties of permutations in connection with research on the solvability of algebraic equations in radicals. |
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
Lagrange's theorem on congruences: The number of solutions of the [[Congruence|congruence]] | Lagrange's theorem on congruences: The number of solutions of the [[Congruence|congruence]] | ||
− | + | $$ | |
− | + | a_0 x^n + a_1 x^{n-1} + \cdots + a_n \equiv 0 \pmod p , \ \ \ a_0 \not\equiv 0 \pmod p | |
− | + | $$ | |
− | modulo a prime number | + | modulo a prime number $p$ does not exceed its degree $n$. This was proved by J.L. Lagrange (see [[#References|[1]]]). It can be generalized to polynomials with coefficients from an arbitrary integral domain. |
====References==== | ====References==== |
Latest revision as of 21:05, 11 October 2014
For Lagrange's theorem in differential calculus see Finite-increments formula.
Lagrange's theorem in group theory: The order $|G|$ of any finite group $G$ is divisible by the order $|H|$ of any subgroup $H$ of it. The theorem was actually proved by J.L. Lagrange in 1771 in the study of properties of permutations in connection with research on the solvability of algebraic equations in radicals.
References
[1] | M.I. Kargapolov, J.I. [Yu.I. Merzlyakov] Merzljakov, "Fundamentals of the theory of groups" , Springer (1979) (Translated from Russian) |
Comments
References
[a1] | P. Hall, "The theory of groups" , Macmillan (1959) pp. Chapt. 10 |
[a2] | B.L. van der Waerden, "Algebra" , 2 , Springer (1967) (Translated from German) |
Lagrange's theorem on congruences: The number of solutions of the congruence $$ a_0 x^n + a_1 x^{n-1} + \cdots + a_n \equiv 0 \pmod p , \ \ \ a_0 \not\equiv 0 \pmod p $$ modulo a prime number $p$ does not exceed its degree $n$. This was proved by J.L. Lagrange (see [1]). It can be generalized to polynomials with coefficients from an arbitrary integral domain.
References
[1] | J.L. Lagrange, "Nouvelle méthode pour résoudre les problèmes indéterminés en nombres entièrs" J.A. Serret (ed.) , Oeuvres , 2 , G. Olms, reprint (1973) pp. 653–726 |
[2] | I.M. Vinogradov, "Elements of number theory" , Dover, reprint (1954) (Translated from Russian) |
S.A. Stepanov
Comments
References
[a1] | B.L. van der Waerden, "Algebra" , 2 , Springer (1971) (Translated from German) |
Lagrange's theorem on the sum of four squares: Any natural number can be represented as the sum of four squares of integers. This was established by J.L. Lagrange [1]. For a generalization of Lagrange's theorem see Waring problem.
References
[1] | J.L. Lagrange, "Démonstration d'un théorème d'arithmétique" J.A. Serret (ed.) , Oeuvres , 3 , G. Olms, reprint (1973) pp. 187–201 |
[2] | J.-P. Serre, "A course in arithmetic" , Springer (1973) (Translated from French) |
S.M. Voronin
Comments
References
[a1] | G.H. Hardy, E.M. Wright, "An introduction to the theory of numbers" , Oxford Univ. Press (1979) pp. Chapt. 23 |
Lagrange's theorem on continued fractions: Any continued fraction that represents a quadratic irrationality is periodic. This was established by J.L. Lagrange [1].
References
[1] | J.L. Lagrange, "Sur la solution des problèmes indéterminés du second degré" J.A. Serret (ed.) , Oeuvres , 2 , G. Olms, reprint (1973) pp. 376–535 |
[2] | A.Ya. Khinchin, "Continued fractions" , Univ. Chicago Press (1964) pp. Chapt. II, §10 (Translated from Russian) |
S.M. Voronin
Comments
References
[a1] | G.H. Hardy, E.M. Wright, "An introduction to the theory of numbers" , Oxford Univ. Press (1979) pp. Chapt. 23 |
Lagrange theorem. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Lagrange_theorem&oldid=33554