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''in a group <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908701.png" />''
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''in a group $G$''
  
The number of cosets (cf. [[Coset in a group|Coset in a group]]) in any decomposition of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908702.png" /> with respect to this subgroup <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908703.png" /> (in the infinite case, the cardinality of the set of these cosets). If the number of cosets is finite, <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908704.png" /> is called a subgroup of finite index in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908705.png" />. The intersection of a finite number of subgroups of finite index itself has finite index (Poincaré's theorem). The index of a subgroup <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908706.png" /> in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908707.png" /> is usually denoted by <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908708.png" />. The product of the order of a subgroup <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s0908709.png" /> by its index <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s09087010.png" /> is equal to the order of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s09087011.png" /> (Lagrange's theorem). This relationship applies to finite groups <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s09087012.png" /> and also to infinite groups <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/s/s090/s090870/s09087013.png" /> for the corresponding cardinalities.
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The number of cosets (cf. [[Coset in a group|Coset in a group]]) in any decomposition of $G$ with respect to this subgroup $H$ (in the infinite case, the cardinality of the set of these cosets). If the number of cosets is finite, $H$ is called a subgroup of finite index in $G$. The intersection of a finite number of subgroups of finite index itself has finite index (Poincaré's theorem). The index of a subgroup $H$ in $G$ is usually denoted by $|G:H|$. The product of the order of a subgroup $H$ by its index $|G:H|$ is equal to the order of $G$ (Lagrange's theorem). This relationship applies to finite groups $G$ and also to infinite groups $G$ for the corresponding cardinalities.
  
 
====References====
 
====References====
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M.I. Kargapolov,  J.I. [Yu.I. Merzlyakov] Merzljakov,  "Fundamentals of the theory of groups" , Springer  (1979)  (Translated from Russian)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  A.G. Kurosh,  "The theory of groups" , '''1–2''' , Chelsea  (1955–1956)  (Translated from Russian)</TD></TR></table>
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M.I. Kargapolov,  J.I. [Yu.I. Merzlyakov] Merzljakov,  "Fundamentals of the theory of groups" , Springer  (1979)  (Translated from Russian)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  A.G. Kurosh,  "The theory of groups" , '''1–2''' , Chelsea  (1955–1956)  (Translated from Russian)</TD></TR></table>

Revision as of 09:31, 20 April 2012

in a group $G$

The number of cosets (cf. Coset in a group) in any decomposition of $G$ with respect to this subgroup $H$ (in the infinite case, the cardinality of the set of these cosets). If the number of cosets is finite, $H$ is called a subgroup of finite index in $G$. The intersection of a finite number of subgroups of finite index itself has finite index (Poincaré's theorem). The index of a subgroup $H$ in $G$ is usually denoted by $|G:H|$. The product of the order of a subgroup $H$ by its index $|G:H|$ is equal to the order of $G$ (Lagrange's theorem). This relationship applies to finite groups $G$ and also to infinite groups $G$ for the corresponding cardinalities.

References

[1] M.I. Kargapolov, J.I. [Yu.I. Merzlyakov] Merzljakov, "Fundamentals of the theory of groups" , Springer (1979) (Translated from Russian)
[2] A.G. Kurosh, "The theory of groups" , 1–2 , Chelsea (1955–1956) (Translated from Russian)
How to Cite This Entry:
Subgroup, index of a. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Subgroup,_index_of_a&oldid=13599
This article was adapted from an original article by O.A. Ivanova (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article