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Maxwell distribution

From Encyclopedia of Mathematics
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The probability distribution with probability density

(*)

depending on a parameter . The distribution function of the Maxwell distribution has the form

where is the standard normal distribution function. The Maxwell distribution has positive coefficient of skewness; it is unimodal, the unique mode occurring at . The Maxwell distribution has finite moments of all orders; the mathematical expectation and variance are equal to and , respectively.

If , and are independent random variables having the normal distribution with parameters and , then the random variable has a Maxwell distribution with density (*). In other words, a Maxwell distribution can be obtained as the distribution of the length of a random vector whose Cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space are independent and normally distributed with parameters and . The Maxwell distribution with coincides with the distribution of the square root of a variable having the -distribution with three degrees of freedom (see also Rayleigh distribution). The Maxwell distribution is widely known as the velocity distribution of particles in statistical mechanics and physics. The distribution was first defined by J.C. Maxwell (1859) as the solution of the problem on the distribution of velocities of molecules in an ideal gas.

References

[1] W. Feller, "An introduction to probability theory and its applications" , 2 , Wiley (1971)
How to Cite This Entry:
Maxwell distribution. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Maxwell_distribution&oldid=25970
This article was adapted from an original article by A.V. Prokhorov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article