# Kähler-Einstein manifold

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A complex manifold carrying a Kähler–Einstein metric. By the uniqueness property of Kähler–Einstein metrics (see [a2], [a4]), the concept of a Kähler–Einstein manifold provides a very natural tool in studying the moduli space of compact complex manifolds.

## Examples.

1) Calabi–Yau manifolds. Any compact connected Kähler manifold of complex dimension $n$ with holonomy in $\operatorname{SU} ( n )$ is called a Calabi–Yau manifold. A Fermat quintic in $\mathbf{CP} ^ { 4 }$ with a natural Ricci-flat Kähler metric is a typical example of a Calabi–Yau threefold. Interesting subjects, such as mirror symmetry, have been studied for Calabi–Yau threefolds.

2) More generally, Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds are Kähler–Einstein manifolds (cf. also Ricci curvature). For instance, hyper-Kähler manifolds, characterized as $2 m$-dimensional (possibly non-compact) Kähler manifolds with holonomy in $\operatorname{sp} ( m )$, are Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds (see [a1], [a3]). An ALE gravitational instanton, obtained typically as a minimal resolution of an isolated quotient singularity in ${\bf C} ^ { 2 } / \Gamma$, has the structure of a hyper-Kähler manifold. A K3-surface (cf. Surface, K3) is a compact hyper-Kähler manifold.

3) Kähler C-spaces. A compact simply connected homogeneous Kähler manifold, called a Kähler C-space, carries a Kähler–Einstein metric with positive scalar curvature and has the structure of a Kähler–Einstein manifold.

4) A twistor space of a quaternionic Kähler manifold with positive scalar curvature has the natural structure of a Kähler–Einstein manifold with positive scalar curvature (see [a3]).

5) Among the almost-homogeneous Kähler manifolds (cf. [a1]), the hypersurfaces in $\mathbf{CP} ^ { n }$ and the del Pezzo surfaces (cf. [a5], [a6] or Cubic hypersurface), there are numerous examples of Kähler–Einstein manifolds with positive scalar curvature.

6) Any complex manifold covered by a bounded homogeneous domain in $\mathbf{C} ^ { n }$ endowed with a Bergman metric (cf. also Hyperbolic metric) is a Kähler–Einstein manifold with negative scalar curvature. More generally, a compact complex manifold $M$ with $c _ { 1 } ( M ) _ { \mathbf{R} } < 0$ naturally has the structure of a Kähler–Einstein manifold with negative scalar curvature.

## Generalization.

A compact complex surface with quotient singularities obtained from a minimal algebraic surface of general type by blowing down $( - 2 )$-curves has the structure of a Kähler–Einstein orbifold, which is a slight generalization of the notion of a Kähler–Einstein manifold.

General references for Kähler–Einstein manifolds are [a1], [a2] and [a4].

#### References

 [a1] A.L. Besse, "Einstein manifolds" , Springer (1987) MR0867684 Zbl 0613.53001 [a2] T. Ochiai, et al., "Kähler metrics and moduli spaces" , Adv. Stud. Pure Math. , 18–II , Kinokuniya (1990) [a3] S.M. Salamon, "Quaternionic Kähler manifolds" Invent. Math. , 67 (1987) pp. 175–203 [a4] Y.-T. Siu, "Lectures on Hermitian–Einstein metrics for stable bundles and Kähler–Einstein metrics" , Birkhäuser (1987) [a5] G. Tian, "Kähler–Einstein metrics on certain Kähler manifolds with $C _ { 1 } ( M ) > 0$" Invent. Math. , 89 (1987) pp. 225–246 [a6] G. Tian, S.-T. Yau, "Kähler–Einstein metrics on complex surfaces with $C _ { 1 } > 0$" Comm. Math. Phys. , 112 (1987) pp. 175–203
How to Cite This Entry:
Kähler-Einstein manifold. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=K%C3%A4hler-Einstein_manifold&oldid=50081
This article was adapted from an original article by Toshiki Mabuchi (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article