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Elimination of quantifiers

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An elementary theory is said to admit elimination of quantifiers if every formula in is equivalent in the language of to a formula without quantifiers (having the same free variables). This holds if and only if is substructure complete, i.e., for every two models and of with a common substructure , the expansions and are elementarily equivalent in the first-order language of signature , where denotes the signature of (cf. Model theory; Structure). If is substructure complete, then it is model complete. To see this, set for every model of which is a substructure of a model of .

For certain elementary theories of fields, the fact that they admit elimination of quantifiers reflects an algebraic elimination theory. Examples are the theory of algebraically closed fields (where vanishing of the resultant, , gives a quantifier-free criterion for the existence of a common zero of two polynomials , ), and the theory of real closed fields (where the Sturm theorem gives a quantifier-free criterion for a polynomial to admit a root in a given interval, cf. also Real closed field).

The fact that the theory of real closed fields admits elimination of quantifiers is commonly known as the Tarski–Seidenberg theorem (see also Semi-algebraic set). It implies that the semi-algebraic sets over a real closed field are precisely the definable sets (with parameters from ) in the first-order language of ordered fields. For the history and applications of the Tarski–Seidenberg theorem, and a remarkable discussion of the general technique of elimination of quantifiers, see [a2] and the literature cited therein. For applications of elimination of quantifiers to real and -adic semi- and subanalytic sets, see [a1].

For certain elementary theories of algebraic systems, elimination of quantifiers implies closure properties of their models (cf. [a3]).

References

[a1] J. Denef, L. van den Dries, "-adic and real subanalytic sets" Ann. of Math. , 128 (1988) pp. 79–138
[a2] L. van den Dries, "Alfred Tarski's elimination theory for real closed fields" J. Symb. Logic , 53 (1988) pp. 7–19
[a3] L. van den Dries, A. Macintyre, K. McKenna, "Elimination of quantifiers in algebraic structures" Adv. in Math. , 47 (1983) pp. 74–87
How to Cite This Entry:
Elimination of quantifiers. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Elimination_of_quantifiers&oldid=32392
This article was adapted from an original article by F.-V. Kuhlmann (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article