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For a function in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c020/c020450/c0204501.png" /> its trigonometric Fourier series converges almost everywhere. This was stated as a conjecture by N.N. Luzin [[#References|[1]]] and proved by L. Carleson [[#References|[2]]]. The statement of Carleson's theorem is also valid for functions in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c020/c020450/c0204502.png" /> for <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c020/c020450/c0204503.png" /> (see [[#References|[3]]]). The fact that it does not hold for <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c020/c020450/c0204504.png" /> was shown by an example, constructed by A.N. Kolmogorov [[#References|[4]]], of a function in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c020/c020450/c0204505.png" /> the trigonometric Fourier series of which diverges almost everywhere.
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For a function in $L_2(0,2\pi)$ its trigonometric Fourier series converges almost everywhere. This was stated as a conjecture by N.N. Luzin [[#References|[1]]] and proved by L. Carleson [[#References|[2]]]. The statement of Carleson's theorem is also valid for functions in $L_p$ for $p>1$ (see [[#References|[3]]]). The fact that it does not hold for $p=1$ was shown by an example, constructed by A.N. Kolmogorov [[#References|[4]]], of a function in $L_1$ the trigonometric Fourier series of which diverges almost everywhere.
  
 
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Because of [[#References|[3]]] the theorem is also referred to as the Carleson–Hunt theorem (cf. [[#References|[a3]]], which is a profound exposition of this theorem).
 
Because of [[#References|[3]]] the theorem is also referred to as the Carleson–Hunt theorem (cf. [[#References|[a3]]], which is a profound exposition of this theorem).
  
A few years later (than [[#References|[4]]]) Kolmogorov anew proved the existence of a function in <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/c/c020/c020450/c0204506.png" /> whose trigonometric Fourier series diverges everywhere [[#References|[a1]]].
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A few years later (than [[#References|[4]]]) Kolmogorov anew proved the existence of a function in $L_1$ whose trigonometric Fourier series diverges everywhere [[#References|[a1]]].
  
 
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====References====
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  A.N. Kolmogorov,  "Une série de Fourier–Lebesgue divergent partout"  ''C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér A-B'' , '''183'''  (1926)  pp. 1327–1328</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  C.J. Mozzochi,  "On the pointwise convergence of Fourier series" , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''199''' , Springer  (1970)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top">  O.G. Jørsboe,  L. Mejlbro,  "The Carleson–Hunt theorem on Fourier series" , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''911''' , Springer  (1982)</TD></TR></table>
 
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  A.N. Kolmogorov,  "Une série de Fourier–Lebesgue divergent partout"  ''C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér A-B'' , '''183'''  (1926)  pp. 1327–1328</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  C.J. Mozzochi,  "On the pointwise convergence of Fourier series" , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''199''' , Springer  (1970)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top">  O.G. Jørsboe,  L. Mejlbro,  "The Carleson–Hunt theorem on Fourier series" , ''Lect. notes in math.'' , '''911''' , Springer  (1982)</TD></TR></table>

Latest revision as of 15:29, 17 July 2014

For a function in $L_2(0,2\pi)$ its trigonometric Fourier series converges almost everywhere. This was stated as a conjecture by N.N. Luzin [1] and proved by L. Carleson [2]. The statement of Carleson's theorem is also valid for functions in $L_p$ for $p>1$ (see [3]). The fact that it does not hold for $p=1$ was shown by an example, constructed by A.N. Kolmogorov [4], of a function in $L_1$ the trigonometric Fourier series of which diverges almost everywhere.

References

[1] N.N. Luzin, "The integral and trigonometric series" , Moscow-Leningrad (1915) (In Russian) (Thesis; also: Collected Works, Vol. 1, Moscow, 1953, pp. 48–212)
[2] L. Carleson, "Convergence and growth of partial sums of Fourier series" Acta Math. , 116 (1966) pp. 135–157
[3] R.A. Hunt, "On the convergence of Fourier series" , Proc. Conf. Orthogonal Expansions and their Continuous Analogues , Southern Illinois Univ. Press (1968) pp. 234–255
[4] A. [A.N. Kolmogorov] Kolmogoroff, "Une série de Fourier–Lebesgue divergente presque partout" Fund. Math. , 4 (1923) pp. 324–328


Comments

Because of [3] the theorem is also referred to as the Carleson–Hunt theorem (cf. [a3], which is a profound exposition of this theorem).

A few years later (than [4]) Kolmogorov anew proved the existence of a function in $L_1$ whose trigonometric Fourier series diverges everywhere [a1].

References

[a1] A.N. Kolmogorov, "Une série de Fourier–Lebesgue divergent partout" C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér A-B , 183 (1926) pp. 1327–1328
[a2] C.J. Mozzochi, "On the pointwise convergence of Fourier series" , Lect. notes in math. , 199 , Springer (1970)
[a3] O.G. Jørsboe, L. Mejlbro, "The Carleson–Hunt theorem on Fourier series" , Lect. notes in math. , 911 , Springer (1982)
How to Cite This Entry:
Carleson theorem. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Carleson_theorem&oldid=11951
This article was adapted from an original article by S.A. Telyakovskii (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article