Net (of sets in a topological space)

network (of sets in a topological space)

A family of subsets of a topological space such that for each and each neighbourhood of there is an element of such that .

The family of all one-point subsets of a space and every base of a space are networks. The difference between a network and a base is that the elements of a network need not be open sets. Networks appear under continuous mappings: If is a continuous mapping of a topological space onto a topological space and is a base of , then the images of the elements of under form a network in . Further, if is covered by a family of subspaces, then, taking for each any base of and amalgamating these bases, a network in is obtained. Spaces with a countable network are characterized as images of separable metric spaces under continuous mappings.

The minimum cardinality of a network of a space is called the network weight, or net weight, of and is denoted by . The net weight of a space never exceeds its weight (cf. Weight of a topological space), but, as is shown by the example of a countable space without a countable base, the net weight can differ from the weight. For compact Hausdorff spaces the net weight coincides with the weight. This result extends to locally compact spaces, Čech-complete spaces and feathered spaces (cf. Feathered space). Hence, in particular, it follows that weight does not increase under surjective mappings of such spaces. Another corollary: If a feathered space (in particular, a Hausdorff compactum) is given as the union of a family of cardinality of subspaces, the weight of each of which does not exceed , supposed infinite, then the weight of does not exceed .

References

[1]	A.V. Arkhangel'skii, V.I. Ponomarev, "Fundamentals of general topology: problems and exercises" , Reidel (1984) (Translated from Russian)
[2]	A.V. Arkhangel'skii, "An addition theorem for weights of sets lying in bicompacta" Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR , 126 : 2 (1959) pp. 239–241 (In Russian)

Comments

Most English-language texts (cf. e.g. [a4]) use network for the concept called "net" above. This is because the term "net" also has a second, totally different, meaning in general topology.

A net in a set (topological space) is an indexed set of points of , where is a directed set. In Russian this is called a generalized sequence.

One can build a theory of convergence for nets: Moore–Smith convergence (cf. Moore space).

References

[a1]	R. Engelking, "General topology" , PWN (1977) (Translated from Polish) (Revised and extended version of [3] above)
[a2]	J.L. Kelley, "Convergence in topology" Duke Math. J. , 17 (1950) pp. 277–283
[a3]	E.H. Moore, H.L. Smith, "A general theory of limits" Amer. J. Math. , 44 (1922) pp. 102–121
[a4]	J.-I. Nagata, "Modern general topology" , North-Holland (1985)