Domain invariance
Let be open. If
is a one-to-one continuous function, then
is open and
is a homeomorphism. This is called the Brouwer invariance of domain theorem, and was proved by L.E.J. Brouwer in [a1]. This result immediately implies that if
, then
and
are not homeomorphic. A similar result for infinite-dimensional vector spaces does not hold, as the subspace
of
shows. But Brouwer's theorem can be extended to compact fields in Banach spaces of type
, as was shown by J. Schauder [a3]. Here, a compact field (a name coming from "compact vector field" ) is a mapping of the form
, with
a compact mapping. A more general result for arbitrary Banach spaces was established (by using degree theory for compact fields) by J. Leray [a2]. Several important results in the theory of differential equations were proved by using domain invariance as a tool.
References
[a1] | L.E.J. Brouwer, "Invariantz des ![]() |
[a2] | J. Leray, "Topologie des espaces abstraits de M. Banach" C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris , 200 (1935) pp. 1083–1093 |
[a3] | J. Schauder, "Invarianz des Gebietes in Funktionalräumen" Studia Math. , 1 (1929) pp. 123–139 |
Domain invariance. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Domain_invariance&oldid=49968