Product of a family of objects in a category
A concept characterizing the notion of a Cartesian product in the language of morphisms. Let ,
, be an indexed family of objects in the category
. An object
(together with morphisms
,
) is called a product of the family of objects
,
, if for every family of morphisms
,
, there is a unique morphism
such that
,
. The morphisms
are called product projections; the product is denoted by
or
, or
in the case
. The morphism
that occurs in the definition of the product is sometimes denoted by
or
. The product of a family
,
, is determined uniquely up to isomorphism; it is associative and commutative. The concept of the product of a family of objects is dual to that of a coproduct of a family of objects.
A product of the empty family of objects is a right zero (a terminal object) of the category. In most categories of structured sets (categories of sets, groups, topological spaces, etc.) the concept of the product of a family of objects coincides with the concept of the Cartesian (direct) product of these objects. Nevertheless, this coincidence is not necessary: In the category of torsion Abelian groups the product of a family of groups ,
, is the torsion part of their Cartesian product, which in general is different from the Cartesian product itself.
In categories with zero morphisms, for any product there exist uniquely defined morphisms
,
, such that
,
for
. If
is finite and the category is additive, then
and the product of the family of objects
is also their coproduct.
References
[1] | M.Sh. Tsalenko, E.G. Shul'geifer, "Fundamentals of category theory" , Moscow (1974) (In Russian) |
Comments
S. MacLane [a1] is generally credited with being the first to observe that Cartesian products could be described in purely categorical terms, as above.
References
[a1] | S. MacLane, "Duality for groups" Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. , 56 (1950) pp. 485–516 |
[a2] | S. MacLane, "Categories for the working mathematician" , Springer (1971) pp. Chapt. IV, Sect. 6; Chapt. VII, Sect. 7 |
Product of a family of objects in a category. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Product_of_a_family_of_objects_in_a_category&oldid=42572