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A term used to denote systems of logic characterized by an attempt to reduce logical arguments to formal calculations. In Antiquity and in the Middle Ages the term  "logistics"  meant practical operations of arithmetical calculations. G. Leibniz (end of the 17th century) used the term  "logistics"  to denote the calculus of inferences. At the beginning of the 20th century  "logistics"  meant [[Mathematical logic|mathematical logic]].