View source for Totally-disconnected space

A space in which any subset containing more than one point is disconnected. An equivalent condition is that the connected component of any point in the space is that point itself. The topological product and the topological sum of totally-disconnected spaces, as well as any subspace of a totally-disconnected space, are totally disconnected. Any totally-disconnected compactum is zero-dimensional (in every sense). Such compacta are important, in particular, because they are Stone spaces of Boolean algebras. A totally-disconnected space (a Knaster–Kuratowski fan) in the plane that can be made into a connected space as a result of the addition of a single point, has been constructed. Such a space is not zero-dimensional. In a Hilbert space, the subspace formed by the points all coordinates of which are rational is totally disconnected and one-dimensional. If each point in a space is the intersection of all closed-and-open sets including it, the space is totally disconnected (in particular, all zero-dimensional spaces are totally disconnected). However, there exists a totally-disconnected metric space with a countable base in which not all points are intersections of such closed-and-open sets.

====References====
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  W. Hurevicz,   G. Wallman,   "Dimension theory" , Princeton Univ. Press  (1948)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  R. Engelking,   "Outline of general topology" , North-Holland  (1968)  (Translated from Polish)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[3]</TD> <TD valign="top">  J.L. Kelley,   "General topology" , Springer  (1975)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[4]</TD> <TD valign="top">  N. Bourbaki,   "Elements of mathematics. General topology" , Springer  (1989)  (Translated from French)</TD></TR></table>



====Comments====
There is a totally-disconnected plane set <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934401.png" />, no proper superset of which is totally disconnected, [[#References|[a3]]]. The complement of such a set is called a primitive dispersion set for the plane. For all <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934402.png" />, there are <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934403.png" />-dimensional totally-disconnected separable metric groups, [[#References|[a4]]].

There is some confusion in the terminology concerning disconnected spaces. There are a few kinds of disconnectedness; the two most common notions are: i) the one in the article: connected subsets consist of at most one point; and ii) for every two points <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934404.png" /> and <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934405.png" /> there is a closed-and-open set <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934406.png" /> such that <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934407.png" /> and <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934408.png" />.

Both are called total disconnectedness at times. References [[#References|[a1]]] and [[#References|[a2]]] call spaces satisfying ii) totally disconnected, and in [[#References|[a2]]] spaces satisfying i) are called hereditarily disconnected (because they have no non-trivial connected subspaces). (Note that ii) implies i).)

The Knaster–Kuratowski fan is a subset of the plane defined as follows: Consider the usual Cantor middle-third set <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t0934409.png" /> situated in the interval <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344010.png" /> in the plane. Connect every point <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344011.png" /> of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344012.png" /> with the point <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344013.png" /> by the line segment <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344014.png" />. For each <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344015.png" /> take a subset <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344016.png" /> of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344017.png" /> as follows: if <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344018.png" /> is an end-point of an interval in the complement of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344019.png" /> take all points of <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344020.png" /> with rational second coordinate, otherwise take the points with irrational second coordinate. The union <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344021.png" /> is the Knaster–Kuratowksi fan. When one removes the point <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344022.png" /> from <img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344023.png" />, one obtains a space that satisfies i) above but not ii). See also [[Kuratowski–Knaster fan|Kuratowski–Knaster fan]].

====References====
<table><TR><TD valign="top">[a1]</TD> <TD valign="top">  A.V. Arkhangel'skii,   V.I. Ponomarev,   "Fundamentals of general topology: problems and exercises" , Reidel  (1984)  (Translated from Russian)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a2]</TD> <TD valign="top">  R. Engelking,   "General topology" , Heldermann  (1989)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a3]</TD> <TD valign="top">  M.E. Estill,   "A primitive dispersion set of the plane"  ''Duke Math. J.'' , '''9''' :  19  (1952)  (323–328)</TD></TR><TR><TD valign="top">[a4]</TD> <TD valign="top">  J. van Mill,   "<img align="absmiddle" border="0" src="https://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/legacyimages/t/t093/t093440/t09344024.png" />-dimensional totally disconnected topological groups"  ''Math. Japon.'' , '''32'''  (1987)  pp. 267–273</TD></TR></table>