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Difference between revisions of "Degree of a point"

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''$M_0=(x_0,y_0)$ relative to a circle
+
''$M_0=(x_0,y_0)$ relative to a circle''
  
 
$$(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=R^2$$
 
$$(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=R^2$$
  
with centre at a point (a,b)''
+
''with centre at a point (a,b)''
  
 
The number
 
The number
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$$p=(x_0-a)^2+(y_0-b)^2-R^2.$$
 
$$p=(x_0-a)^2+(y_0-b)^2-R^2.$$
  
One has $p<0$ if $M_0$ lies within the circle; $p=0$ if $M_0$ lies on the circle; $p>0$ if $M_0$ lies outside the circle. The degree of $M_0$ relative to a circle can be represented as the product of the vectors $\vec{M_0M_1}$ and $\vec{M_0M_2}$, where $M_1$ and $M_2$ are the points of intersection of the circle and an arbitrary straight line passing through $M_0$. In particular, the degree of a point $M_0$ relative to a circle is equal to the square of the length of the tangent drawn from $M_0$ to the circle.
+
One has $p<0$ if $M_0$ lies within the circle; $p=0$ if $M_0$ lies on the circle; $p>0$ if $M_0$ lies outside the circle. The degree of $M_0$ relative to a circle can be represented as the product of the vectors $\overrightarrow{M_0M_1}$ and $\overrightarrow{M_0M_2}$, where $M_1$ and $M_2$ are the points of intersection of the circle and an arbitrary straight line passing through $M_0$. In particular, the degree of a point $M_0$ relative to a circle is equal to the square of the length of the tangent drawn from $M_0$ to the circle.
  
 
The set of all circles in the plane relative to which a given point has an identical degree forms a [[Net|net]] of circles. The set of points of identical degree relative to two non-concentric circles forms a radical axis.
 
The set of all circles in the plane relative to which a given point has an identical degree forms a [[Net|net]] of circles. The set of points of identical degree relative to two non-concentric circles forms a radical axis.

Revision as of 21:34, 14 April 2014

$M_0=(x_0,y_0)$ relative to a circle

$$(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=R^2$$

with centre at a point (a,b)

The number

$$p=(x_0-a)^2+(y_0-b)^2-R^2.$$

One has $p<0$ if $M_0$ lies within the circle; $p=0$ if $M_0$ lies on the circle; $p>0$ if $M_0$ lies outside the circle. The degree of $M_0$ relative to a circle can be represented as the product of the vectors $\overrightarrow{M_0M_1}$ and $\overrightarrow{M_0M_2}$, where $M_1$ and $M_2$ are the points of intersection of the circle and an arbitrary straight line passing through $M_0$. In particular, the degree of a point $M_0$ relative to a circle is equal to the square of the length of the tangent drawn from $M_0$ to the circle.

The set of all circles in the plane relative to which a given point has an identical degree forms a net of circles. The set of points of identical degree relative to two non-concentric circles forms a radical axis.

The degree of a point relative to a sphere is defined in the same way. The set of all spheres relative to which a given point has identical degree is called a web of spheres. The set of all spheres relative to which the points of a straight line (the radical axis) have identical degree (different for different points) forms a net of spheres. The set of all spheres relative to which the points of a plane (the radical plane) have identical degree (different for different points) forms a bundle of spheres.


Comments

Customarily this notion is called the power of the point $M_0$ relative to the circle $(x-a)^2+(y-b)^2=R^2$.

References

[a1] J.L. Coolidge, "A treatise on the circle and the sphere" , Clarendon Press (1916)
How to Cite This Entry:
Degree of a point. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. URL: http://encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=Degree_of_a_point&oldid=31693
This article was adapted from an original article by A.B. Ivanov (originator), which appeared in Encyclopedia of Mathematics - ISBN 1402006098. See original article